Summary (Biorefining of wheat straw: accounting for the distribution of mineral elements in pretreated biomass by an extended pretreatment–severity equation)

Summary 
Biorefining of wheat straw: accounting for the distribution of mineral elements in pretreated biomass by an extended pretreatment–severity equation.

Name of Journal	Title of Journal	Year of Published	Research Methode	Main Idea	Summary	Suggestion
Biotechnology for Biofuels	Biorefining of wheat straw: accounting for the distribution of mineral elements in pretreated biomass by an extended pretreatment–severity equation.	2014	It used quantitative method and combined by statistic analisys  and chemical analysis..	wheat straw is therefore the most important biomass for second generation bioethanol production. In the context of biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass, mineral elements may accumulate in certain streams, which may challenge the processing, and cause wear and tear of equipment. Alternatively, these may provide opportunities for recovery and recycling of scarce metals, and/or for creating novel high-value applications. The mineral composition of wheat straw was, in general, in agreement with literature (8850 to 17320 ppm silicon, 50 to 560 ppm aluminum, 70 to 350 ppm iron, 3090 to 4870 ppm calcium, 440 to 660 ppm magnesium, 90 to 190 ppm Na, 4120 to 20720 ppm potassium, 270 to 760 ppm phosphorus) [16]. Some elements were above the stated ranges, but this was expected, because of seasonal and geographical variations. Potassium was the only element solubilized from the fiber fraction under all pretreatment conditions, yielding a low recovery. This was also as expected, because potassium is exclusively present in the aqueous phase of plant cells, so it is easily leached from the biomass during pre-soaking and pretreatment.	Biorefering of wheat straw is a important biomass for second generation bioethanol. Pretreatment conditions, especially pH, significantly influenced the levels of phosphorus,magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, and calcium in the resulting fiber fractions. A new expanded pretreatment-severity equation is proposed to model and predict mineral composition in pretreated wheat straw biomass.	Biorefering of wheat straw is one of a technology in science that can be expanding to the next generation. Be better if this techlonlogy can be apply in another country, especially in Indonesia. It can be using the other material that can be find in Indonesia that similar with wheat straw,  such as  rice  straw.